In the formalism of second quantization these excitation operators are expressed as
2.
Written out in second quantization notation, the Hubbard Hamiltonian then takes the form:
3.
This formulation is a form of second quantization, but it predates modern quantum mechanics.
4.
The procedure is also called second quantization.
5.
This is another example of second quantization.
6.
Unlike first quantization, conventional second quantization is completely unambiguous, in effect a functor.
7.
Using the second quantization formalism they showed that magnons behave as weakly interacting quasiparticles obeying Bose Einstein statistics ( bosons ).
8.
The particle-like properties of the phonon are best understood using the methods of second quantization and operator techniques described later.
9.
Each component of the position operator is a one-electron operator, they can be represented in second quantization as follows:
10.
In this section, we will describe a method for constructing a quantum field theory called "'second quantization " '.
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